Su número de Seguro Social es la clave para financiar su retiro… o la clave que los estafadores pueden usar para estafarlo y robarle su dinero. Con él, los estafadores pueden cometer robo de identidad, vaciar todas sus cuentas y acumular deudas a su nombre. Es un pasaporte que los estafadores pueden usar para acceder a su:
- Cuenta bancaria (para vaciarla);
- Cuentas de corretaje (para drenarla);
- Tarjetas de crédito (para cargarlas y/o abrir cuentas nuevas).

Además de su número, todo lo que se necesita para causar una pérdida monetaria significativa es información de identificación como su dirección, fecha de nacimiento, además de la posible presentación de documentos falsificados, como talones de pago falsos (para sacar una hipoteca a su nombre y desaparecer con el dinero). Ninguna de esta información es difícil de obtener.
El SSN: el pasaporte financiero
Tu número de Seguro Social (SSN por sus siglas en inglés) es valioso por otras razones. Puede ser usado:
- Como plataforma de lanzamiento para crear una persona falsa para cometer fraude (y cosas peores) en su nombre;
- Para crear una línea de crédito;
- Para crear una declaración de impuestos falsa para obtener su reembolso;
- Solicitar beneficios de desempleo;
- Por alguien que no es elegible para trabajar en los EE. UU., causando estragos en sus propios beneficios del Seguro Social; y
- Para obtener acceso a los beneficios de Medicare o Medicaid, también creando dolores de cabeza para usted
¿Cómo lo hacen?
Hay muchas maneras en que alguien puede aprender su número de Seguro Social… y dos de las tres formas principales dependen de usted.
- Evite las violaciones de datos, que son cada vez más comunes. Puede hacer que el trabajo de los piratas informáticos sea un poco más difícil al no poner su número de SS en los formularios médicos que completa en el consultorio del médico.
- Nunca responda a llamadas de alguien que alegue ser de la Administración del Seguro Social (SSA) verificando actividad de cuenta “sospechosa”. No le dé a la persona que llama algunos o todos sus números para “verificación”.
- Mantenga siempre segura su tarjeta de SS. Nunca debe llevarse en la cartera, ya que podría perderse o ser robada. Guárdelo en un lugar seguro en casa.
Más formas de mantenerse a salvo
- Nunca dé su número por teléfono. Si recibe una llamada sospechosa, cuelgue y luego haga su propia llamada de verificación a la SSA. Recuerde, los estafadores pueden engañar al identificador de llamadas para que parezca que la Administración del Seguro Social lo está llamando.
- Verifique sus estados de cuenta bancarios, de corretaje y de tarjetas de crédito. Mientras cualquier retiro grande que no haya realizado es una luz roja intermitente, no descarte los cargos pequeños, como suscripciones o pequeños “cargos de prueba”. A menudo, así es como los estafadores verifican qué tan alerta está usted… antes de robar miles de dólares.
- Aviso de correo entrante. Los ladrones a veces roban de los buzones de correo para obtener su información personal. Pueden usar esta información para completar aplicaciones financieras falsas. Si nota que algunos de sus estados financieros habituales (tarjeta de crédito, banco o cuenta de corretaje) llegan tarde o no llegan, es posible que su SSN (u otra información financiera vital) se haya visto comprometida. ¡Revise siempre!
- Llamadas inesperadas de Agencias de Crédito. Una llamada relacionada con una cuenta que no abrió o que no tiene le dice que alguien usó su SSN para abrir una nueva línea de crédito.
¿Qué hacer?
Si le robaron su SSN o sus cuentas financieras se vieron comprometidas, esto es lo que debe hacer:
Su SSN:
– Presente alertas inmediatas con las tres agencias de crédito:
- Experian – experian.com/fraud
- Equifax – equifax.com/CreditReportAssistance
- TransUnion – transunion.com/fraud
– Coloque una congelación o una alerta de fraude en sus cuentas de crédito. Hay ventajas y desventajas para cada uno. Para decidir cuál elegir, visite: https://consumidor.ftc.gov/articulos/lo-que-hay-que-saber-sobre-los-congelamientos-de-credito-y-las-alertas-de-fraude
– Para asegurarse de que es usted quien recibe su reembolso, presente sus impuestos con prontitud.
Cuentas Bancarias o de Corretaje, Tarjetas de Crédito
- Cierre y reemplace inmediatamente su(s) cuenta(s).
- Cancele y reemplace su(s) tarjeta(s).
Para protegerse contra el robo de identidad, asegúrese de revisar sus informes de crédito anualmente. Los informes son gratuitos; los tres están disponibles en https://www.annualcreditreport.com/index.action
¿Quieres más información (en inglés o español)?
- Suscríbase a Consumer Alerts en español o inglés para obtener lo que realmente necesita saber: las señales de una estafa y cómo evitarla.
- Siga a la FTC en Twitter: @laftc (en español) y @ftc (en inglés).
Nona Aguilar es una escritora premiada de numerosos artículos de revistas y dos libros. También ha editado cuatro publicaciones especializadas en boletines comerciales. Su trabajo ha aparecido en Ladies Home Journal, Redbook, Family Circle y Cosmopolitan, y en The Business Owner.
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