Ver el diagnóstico puede asustar: prediabetes, pero no tiene por qué ser inevitable.
La diabetes no tiene por qué ser inevitable. Aunque 1 de cada 3 adultos estadounidenses tiene un diagnóstico de prediabetes (un nivel de azúcar en sangre superior al normal, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para denominarlo diabetes), no todos desarrollan una diabetes en toda regla. Ese es el objetivo: prevenirla o retrasarla; la diabetes conlleva una serie de problemas (problemas de retina o nervios y riesgos cardiacos, entre otros).
¿Cuál es la clave para cambiar la prediabetes? Estilo de vida. Estilo de vida. Estilo de vida. ¿Cuál es la buena noticia? Un estudio de reversión de la prediabetes descubrió que la mejora del estilo de vida es más eficaz que los medicamentos para revertir la prediabetes. Una revisión de la investigación acaba de confirmarlo de nuevo.
Un médico que lo sabe bien es Sam Dagogo-Jack, MD, DSC, MBA, profesor de medicina y jefe de endocrinología, diabetes y metabolismo del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Tennessee, en Memphis. Fue investigador principal en uno de los 27 centros creados en EE. UU. entre 1996 y 2001 para el Programa de Prevención de la Diabetes (DPP) y sigue estudiando las pruebas para revertir la prediabetes. Tras el estudio original se realizó un estudio de seguimiento, denominado Estudio de Resultados del DPP.
El estudio histórico: pruebas
El Estudio DPP analizó si seguir el programa de mejora del estilo de vida prescrito o tomar metformina, un medicamento para tratar los niveles elevados de azúcar en sangre en los diabéticos, retrasaría o prevendría la diabetes tipo 2, y cómo se comparaba con tomar simplemente un placebo (pastilla sin medicamento).
Al cabo de tres años, los participantes en el grupo de cambio de estilo de vida redujeron sus probabilidades de padecer diabetes de tipo 2 en un 58%
Se inscribieron más de 3.200, y el 45% pertenecía a grupos minoritarios (afroamericanos, nativos de Alaska, indios americanos, asiáticos americanos, hispanos/latinos o isleños del Pacífico) con alto riesgo de diabetes. Al cabo de tres años, los del grupo de cambio de estilo de vida redujeron sus probabilidades de contraer diabetes tipo 2 en cerca de un 58% en comparación con los que tomaron placebo. Los mayores de 60 años redujeron su riesgo aún más, en un 71%.
Los que tomaron metformina redujeron sus probabilidades en un 31% en comparación con los que tomaron placebo.
Como dijo el Dr. Dagogo-Jack: “las proporciones son aproximadamente de 2 a 1”, a favor del estilo de vida frente a la medicina.
A medida que avanzaba el estudio, alrededor del 5% de los que cambiaban su estilo de vida contraían diabetes cada año, pero lo hacía el 11% de los que tomaban placebo.
En una revisión conocida como metaanálisis publicada a principios de este año, Dagogo-Jack y sus colegas volvieron a concluir que la mejora del estilo de vida supera a la medicina para revertir la prediabetes.
Plan de acción contra la prediabetes
“El enfoque de primera línea es un intento serio de modificar el estilo de vida”, afirma Dagogo-Jack. “No es una opinión. Es una prueba.”
¿Qué aspectos hay que mejorar en cuanto al estilo de vida?
- Pérdida de peso, si es necesario. Perder solo entre el 5 y el 7% del peso inicial marca la diferencia. (Si tiene un sobrepeso de 150 libras, una pérdida del 5% son sólo 7,5 libras. Con 200 libras, son 10 libras)
- Ejercicio, 30 minutos 5 veces por semana. “Nuestro objetivo es dar entre 8.000 y 10.000 pasos al día”, afirma Dagogo-Jack. Caminar está bien.
- Reduzca su consumo de grasas saturadas, hidratos de carbono y alimentos fritos y grasos.
- Ingiera más verduras, más fibra.
En lugar del enfoque “hágalo usted mismo”, puede inscribirse en un programa de prevención de la diabetes presencial o en línea en el sitio web de los CDC, que retomó el protocolo DPP. El programa dura un año, con reuniones semanales los seis primeros meses y, a continuación, una o dos veces al mes durante los últimos seis meses. Es gratuito o de pago, según el lugar.
Conozca su riesgo, conozca sus datos
La Asociación Americana de la Diabetes ofrece una prueba de riesgo de diabetes de 60 segundos. (Puede recibir los resultados por correo electrónico o verlos inmediatamente)
Una prueba conocida como A1C mide sus niveles de glucosa en sangre, calculando la media de los últimos 2-3 meses y expresándola en porcentaje. Inferior al 5,7% es normal; entre el 5,7 y el 6,5% es prediabetes, y a partir del 6,5% es diabetes.
Recopilar información, motivación
La Clínica Cleveland tiene este explicador, y también estos 9 consejos para evitar que la prediabetes progrese. Su proveedor de atención médica también puede ofrecerle motivación y apoyo.
¿Padece de diabetes y necesita ayuda para pagar los tratamientos de insulina? Consulte la hoja informativa sobre recursos de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes.
Su turno
¿Ha revertido la prediabetes? Adelante, ¡presuma un poco! Comparta su historia en los comentarios.
Kathleen Doheny es una periodista independiente con sede en Los Ángeles, especializada en historias de salud, comportamiento, estado físico y estilo de vida. Además de escribir para Senior Planet, informa para WebMD, Medscape, Psycom.net, Practical Pain Management y otros sitios. Ella es mamá, suegra y una abuela orgullosa y feliz a quien le gusta caminar, trotar y comprar.
Foto de Doheny: Shaun Newton
Este artículo ofrecido por Senior Planet y Older Adults Technology Services es solo para fines informativos y no pretende sustituir el asesoramiento, diagnóstico o tratamiento médico profesional. Siempre consulte el asesoramiento de su médico u otro profesional de la salud calificado con cualquier pregunta que pueda tener con respecto a cualquier condición médica. Si cree que puede tener una emergencia médica, llame al 911 de inmediato.
Foto: FatCamera vía Getty Images
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Morning Stretch
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Morning Stretch
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MyChart
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Fit Fusion Workout
Fit Fusion Workout
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Intro to Managing Your Privacy
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Voice Assistants
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Virtual Activism Against Racism and Police Brutality
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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Aging Discussion Group – Lunch & Learn
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虛擬博物館導覽
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Messaging Apps
Balance/Strength
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Mandarin Multilingual Technology Program: 行動健康應用程式 (Mobile Health Apps)
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
Introduction to Estate Planning Resources & Tools
Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Internet of Things: Healthcare
Aging Discussion Group – Lunch & Learn
Morning Stretch
Intro to Translation Tools
Fit Fusion Workout
Affordable Home Internet
Open Discussion – Lunch & Learn
Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Protecting Your Personal Info Online
Introduction to A.I.
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
Discover Live: Cusco, Peru
Fit Fusion Workout
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Chair Yoga
Mandarin Multilingual Technology Program: 「行動健康應用程式」開放問答室 (Mobile Health Apps Open Lab)
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Cancelled – Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
Introduction to Digital Wallets
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Fit Fusion Workout
Intro to Managing Your Privacy
Open Discussion – Lunch & Learn
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Fit Fusion Workout
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Open Discussion – Lunch & Learn
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Morning Stretch
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Tech Tips for Disaster Preparedness
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Online Shopping
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Chair Yoga
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
eBay & PayPal
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Morning Stretch
Telemedicine
Fit Fusion Workout
Intro to Translation Tools
Open Discussion – Lunch & Learn
Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
All Things Zoom
Facebook
Chair Yoga
Morning Stretch
Fit Fusion Workout
物聯網 : 生活方式和娛樂
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Easy-to-Follow Tai Chi
Balance/Strength
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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Stronger Bones
Morning Stretch
Online Health Resources
Smartphones at a Glance
Chair Yoga
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MyChart
Fit Fusion Workout
實惠家用網路
#AgeFriendly
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Taijiquan (Tai Chi)
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