El otoño trae consigo la temporada navideña, temperaturas frescas… y más enfermedades respiratorias. La gente está más tiempo en espacios cerrados, con otras personas, y el aire frío y seco debilita la resistencia, según Johns Hopkins.
Eso hace que el otoño sea la “temporada de vacunas”, el momento de administrar vacunas que evitarán (o minimizarán) el malestar de las infecciones respiratorias comunes.
Le preguntamos a Laurie Archbald-Pannone, MD, MPH, profesora asociada de geriatría en la Universidad de Virginia, Charlottesville, qué les dice a sus pacientes mayores sobre las vacunas. También consultamos los consejos sobre vacunas de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés), la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud.
“Las vacunas son una de las mejores cosas que podemos hacer para evitar infectarnos y enfermarnos gravemente a causa de una infección”, afirma Archbald-Pannone. Sí, la lista de vacunas efectivamente es larga y puede resultar complicado determinar quién necesita qué y cuándo. Lo simplificó.
Vaccine Rundown
“En otoño, especialmente, creo que es importante centrarse en las infecciones de tipo respiratorio y las vacunas”, afirma. Esto significa:
- Vacunas para COVID-19: la FDA ahora ha autorizado tres vacunas actualizadas para la prevención de COVID para este año: dos de ARNm, de Pfizer y Moderna, para personas de 6 meses o más, y una basada en proteínas, Novavax, para personas de 12 años o más.
- Vacuna contra la gripe: si tiene acceso a la llamada vacuna contra la gripe de dosis alta, destinada a los adultos mayores, vacúnese, sugiere Archbald-Pannone. Los investigadores que compararon la vacuna antigripal de dosis estándar con una vacuna de dosis alta, una vacuna antigripal adyuvante (con un refuerzo del sistema inmunológico añadido) y una vacuna antigripal recombinante (elaborada sin huevos de gallina) descubrieron que la dosis estándar brindaba menos protección que cualquiera de las otras tres. Dicho esto, Archbald-Pannone dice que, si no tienes acceso a la vacuna de dosis alta, “cualquier vacuna contra la gripe es mejor que ninguna”.
- Vacunas contra el VRS: todos los adultos de 75 años o más (y aquellos de 60 a 74 años con mayor riesgo de contraer este virus debido a enfermedades cardíacas u otros problemas) deben recibir una de las tres vacunas contra el VSR, recomendadas por los CDC.
- Vacunas contra la neumonía: existen diferentes vacunas para prevenir la neumonía. Los CDC lo explican aquí, y el mejor consejo es hablar con su médico sobre cuál es la mejor vacuna para usted y cuándo administrarla, dice Archbald-Pannone.
- Vacuna contra el herpes zóster: causada por el mismo virus de la varicela, que permanece latente y puede reactivarse, el herpes zóster afecta los nervios y produce ardor, dolor punzante y ampollas llenas de líquido. Los CDC recomiendan dos dosis de Shingrex, con un intervalo de 2 a 6 meses.
Vacunas especiales
Verifique la fecha de su última Tdap (tétano/difteria/tos ferina), especialmente si entre en contacto con bebés, que son altamente susceptibles a la tos ferina (también conocida como tos convulsa) y aún no pueden ser vacunados, dice Archbald-Pannone. Generalmente, la vacuna DPT debe actualizarse cada 10 años, pero si recientemente sufrió una lesión con un clavo oxidado o similar, asegúrese de que no hayan pasado más de 5 años desde su última vacuna, recomienda.
Otros datos sobre las vacunas
Las vacunas no son una medida única
“Siempre digo que está al día de momento” una vez que las personas terminan con una serie de vacunas necesarias, dice Archbald-Pannone. “Nunca terminamos con las vacunas, solo estamos al día de momento”, dice. Las recomendaciones también pueden cambiar sobre cuándo se necesitan las vacunas y quién las necesita.
Las vacunas son buenas para prevenir, pero no perfectas
Aconseja a los pacientes recordar que las vacunas son buenas, pero no perfectas, para prevenir infecciones. “Pero en lo que realmente son buenas es en prevenir consecuencias negativas de las infecciones”, como la hospitalización o algo peor.
Las vacunas contra la gripe no pueden provocarle gripe
¿Qué pasa con aquellas personas que afirman que la vacuna contra la gripe les provocó la gripe? No, niega. “La vacuna contra la gripe no puede provocar gripe. No contiene ningún virus activo que pueda causar la gripe. La inyección tarda un par de semanas en hacer efecto. “Por lo tanto, si usted se expone a la gripe antes de recibir la vacuna o antes de que ésta sea efectiva, igualmente puede contraer la gripe”. Pero no se puede culpar la inyección.
Efectos secundarios
¿Y qué pasa con los efectos secundarios? La mayoría son menores, dice, y si usted va a su cita de vacunación bien hidratado, tendrá menos probabilidades de contraerlas.
¿Duplicar las vacunas?
Es común que los niños reciban dosis dobles de vacunas, y algunos investigadores sugieren que los adultos podrían hacer lo mismo, vacunándose contra la gripe y la COVID-19 a la vez, por ejemplo. Dicen que no pondrá en riesgo la seguridad ni la salud y que ayudaría a las personas a recibir todas las vacunas necesarias a tiempo y en menos visitas.
Asequibilidad
La mayoría de los planes de seguro cubren las vacunas; vea más información aquí.

Kathleen Doheny es una periodista independiente con sede en Los Ángeles, especializada en historias de salud, comportamiento, estado físico y estilo de vida. Además de escribir para Senior Planet, informa para WebMD, Medscape, MedCentral y otros sitios. Ella es mamá, suegra y una abuela orgullosa y feliz a quien le gusta caminar, trotar y comprar.
Foto de Kathy Doheny: Shaun Newton
Este artículo ofrecido por Senior Planet and Older Adults Technology Services es solo para fines informativos y no pretende sustituir el asesoramiento, diagnóstico o tratamiento médico profesional. Siempre busque el consejo de su médico u otro proveedor de salud calificado con cualquier pregunta que pueda tener con respecto a cualquier afección médica. Si cree que puede tener una emergencia médica, llame al 911 de inmediato.

COMMENTS
One response to “¡Es temporada de vacunas!”
las bacunas son de suma importancia para librarnos de infeciones cerias,inclucibe la muerte.
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