Como si la planificación fiscal de fin de año no fuera ya lo suficientemente compleja, el proyecto de ley “One Big Beautiful Bill”, aprobado por el Congreso a principios de este año, traerá cambios que afectarán a las personas mayores y a los jubilados durante los siguientes años.
Nuevas deducciones
“Hay una serie de nuevas deducciones que entran en juego, especialmente para las personas mayores,” comenta Robert Waskiewicz, socio y asesor financiero sénior de Wescott Financial Advisory Group en Filadelfia, Pensilvania.
“Está la deducción mejorada para personas mayores, diseñada para compensar parte de la carga fiscal asociada al Seguro Social,” explica. “Y luego hay cambios adicionales en las deducciones detalladas. Lo que hay que tener en cuenta sobre esta legislación es que sus elementos entran en vigor en distintos momentos: Algunos son efectivos en 2025, otros en 2026, algunos son permanentes y otros son solo temporales.”
Esto significa que las personas deben acostumbrarse a revisar y actualizar su estrategia fiscal para tener en cuenta estas deducciones y comprender cómo los cambios futuros pueden afectar su planificación tributaria, añade.
Los cambios incluyen:
Deducción mejorada para personas mayores. Vigente de 2025 a 2028, las personas de 65 años o mayores podrán reclamar una deducción adicional de $6,000 dólares ($12,000 dólares para matrimonios). La nueva deducción se agrega a la deducción estándar adicional para personas mayores que ya existe según la ley actual. La deducción se reduce progresivamente para contribuyentes con un ingreso bruto ajustado modificado superior a $75,000 dólares ($150,000 dólares para declaraciones conjuntas).
Aumento del límite para deducciones de impuestos estatales, locales y sobre la propiedad. “En años anteriores, si usted detallaba sus deducciones, el máximo que podía deducir por impuestos estatales, locales y sobre la propiedad era de $10,000 dólares,” dice Waskiewicz. “En un estado como Nueva Jersey, los impuestos inmobiliarios suelen ser bastante altos y los impuestos estatales también. Por lo tanto, esa (deducción) no era un beneficio para usted. A partir de 2025, usted podrá deducir hasta $40,000 dólares por impuestos estatales y locales sobre la renta y por impuestos inmobiliarios.” Esto también viene con un límite de ingresos mucho más alto.
Cambios en las deducciones caritativas. A partir del año fiscal 2026, se restablece una deducción que permitirá a quienes no detallan deducciones descontar donaciones en efectivo a organizaciones benéficas: hasta $1,000 dólares para declarantes solteros ($2,000 dólares para matrimonios que presentan declaración conjunta). Sin embargo, aquellas personas que sí detallen deducciones podrán reclamar solo una deducción fiscal en la medida en que sus donaciones calificadas superen el 0.5% de su ingreso bruto ajustado (AGI, por sus siglas en inglés). Por ejemplo, una pareja con un AGI de $300,000 dólares solo podría deducir donaciones mayores a $1,500 dólares… Siendo que esta reducción de beneficios no entra en vigor hasta 2026, “lo que los contribuyentes pueden querer hacer, dependiendo de su planificación fiscal, es adelantar las donaciones caritativas a este año, cuando ese límite aún no se aplica,” dice Waskiewicz.
Otras cuestiones a tener en cuenta
Conversión a Roth IRA. Esto es algo que los asesores financieros y fiscales ayudan a sus clientes a decidir si les conviene o no. La conversión a Roth IRA puede tener sentido a largo plazo, pero también puede ponerlo en un tramo impositivo más alto y aumentar sustancialmente su factura fiscal en el año actual.
Aprovechamiento de las pérdidas para reducir impuestos (Tax loss harvesting). “Los mercados han tenido tres años fuertes, por lo que analizamos el aprovechamiento de las pérdidas para reducir impuestos,” dice Laurgen RIch, asesora sénior de patrimonio en Linscomb Wealth, en Houston, Texas. “Normalmente hay algunas posiciones en las que se pueden realizar pérdidas fiscales, reconocer esas pérdidas y compensarlas con ganancias de este año o de años futuros.”
Distribuciones mínimas obligatorias (RMD, por sus siglas en inglés). “Este es un enfoque importante a finales de año: asegurarse de que todos cumplan con la distribución mínima obligatoria para el año, especialmente quienes la toman por primera vez”, comenta Rich. “Si es su primer año, tienen hasta abril del año siguiente para hacerlo. Pero, siendo realistas, eso significa que tendrían que realizar dos distribuciones el próximo año. Claro que queremos que eviten cualquier penalización haciendo todo a tiempo, pero también les animamos a pensar cómo desean utilizar esa distribución mínima obligatoria, ya sea para gastos de manutención o para fines benéficos, si así lo desean.”
Distribuciones caritativas calificadas (QCD, por sus siglas en inglés). Para quienes toman RMD, las QCD permiten enviar fondos directamente de una IRA a una organización benéfica. Eso significa que el retiro no cuenta como ingreso sujeto a impuestos. “Es algo bastante común entre nuestros clientes,” señala Rich.
Planificación fiscal durante todo el año
Dada la complejidad y los cambios en la legislación fiscal, los asesores financieros y fiscales advierten que la planificación tributaria debe ser un proceso continuo durante todo el año. No espere hasta el final del año, ya que puede ser demasiado tarde para implementar algunas estrategias que podrían ahorrarle dinero en el año fiscal actual.
“Una de las cosas a las que la gente va a tener que acostumbrarse es simplemente a asegurarse de que está actualizando su estrategia fiscal para tener en cuenta estas deducciones y comprender cómo el futuro puede modificar su planificación,” concluye Waskiewicz.
SU TURNO
¿Qué piensa usted sobre estos cambios en la legislación fiscal? Comparta sus opiniones en los comentarios, pero siempre de forma respetuosa.

Rodney A. Brooks es un periodista y autor galardonado. Ex editor adjunto en jefe de finanzas de USA TODAY, sus columnas de jubilación aparecen en US News & World Report y Senior Planet.com. También ha escrito para National Geographic, The Washington Post y USA TODAY y ha testificado ante el Comité Especial sobre el Envejecimiento del Senado de Estados Unidos. Su libro, “The Rise & Fall of the Freedman’s Bank, And Its Lasting Socio-economic Impact on Black America” (“El ascenso y la caída del Freedman’s Bank y su impacto socioeconómico duradero en los negros estadounidenses”), se publicó en 2024. También es autor del libro “Fixing the Racial Wealth Gap” (“Arreglar la brecha de riqueza racial”). Su sitio web es www.rodneyabrooks.com
El uso de cualquier asesoramiento financiero queda bajo su exclusivo criterio y riesgo. Seniorplanet.org y Older Adult Technology Services de AARP no afirman ni prometen ningún resultado o éxito.

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