Para entender los planes de telefonía móvil, debe identificar dos piezas del rompecabezas: la compañía que ofrece el servicio de telefonía y los planes que ofrece.
Las compañías que ofrecen el servicio
Principales operadores de telefonía móvil
En los Estados Unidos, hay tres principales operadores de telefonía móvil: Verizon, AT&T y T-Mobile. Las tres compañías desarrollan y mantienen la infraestructura física, incluido el equipo de red y las torres de antena, lo que les permite ofrecer servicio de telefonía móvil en todo el país. También operan cadenas de tiendas que están disponibles en la mayoría de las principales áreas metropolitanas y cuentan con puntos de venta en otras grandes tiendas minoristas. Dado que invierten fuertemente en la infraestructura, pueden ofrecer a sus clientes el mejor servicio posible en telefonía móvil.
Operadores móviles virtuales
También hay una creciente tendencia de operadores móviles llamados Operadores móviles virtuales (OMV) que no poseen su propia infraestructura de red. Ellos arriendan el acceso a los principales operadores de telefonía móvil y lo revenden bajo su propia marca. Entre estos operadores se incluyen Mint Mobile, Visible, US Mobile, Xfinity Mobile y Consumer Cellular.
Los OMV suelen dirigirse a mercados específicos, como usuarios con presupuestos limitados, personas mayores o viajeros internacionales, y ofrecen planes más flexibles y de menor costo. Sin embargo, como operan en redes prestadas, los clientes de OMV pueden experimentar algunos inconvenientes.
-Velocidades de datos más lentas. Algunas veces su Internet puede parecer más lento (un fenómeno también conocido como congestión de la red) en áreas donde muchas personas lo están usando al mismo tiempo, como un evento deportivo, un aeropuerto o una ciudad con mucha gente.
-Menor prioridad. Como los OMV operan en redes prestadas, los clientes del operador principal son prioridad. Si está al lado de un amigo que cuenta con servicio de operador principal y usted tiene servicio bajo un OMV, quizás no pueda ver un video y él sí, incluso en un área con mucha gente. Lo mismo pasa con las velocidades de datos, pero a veces afecta la habilidad (sobre todo en áreas con mucha gente) de hacer cualquier cosa más allá de llamar o enviar un mensaje de texto.
-Menos servicio al cliente y falta de presencia en tiendas. Los operadores principales normalmente tienen tiendas físicas y robustos equipos de apoyo que pueden ayudarle si lo necesita. En el caso de los OMV, normalmente debe conectarse a Internet, lo que puede dificultar recibir ayuda.
LOS PLANES
Anteriormente, los planes en venta se basaban en los minutos que invertía en llamadas, el número de mensajes de texto que enviaba y la cantidad de datos que utilizaba. Hoy en día, el monto de los planes de telefonía móvil principalmente se basa en el uso de los datos.
Varios operadores ofrecen planes de pago por gigabyte, que le permiten pagar por el servicio según lo vaya utilizando, en función de la cantidad de datos que su teléfono consume durante un período de facturación. Según el uso que haga de su teléfono inteligente, esto puede ser una gran opción para un servicio de telefonía de bajo costo. Sin embargo, el costo puede incrementar rápidamente si sobrepasa el límite mensual estipulado.
La mayoría de los planes de telefonía ofrecen algún tipo de plan ilimitado. Los precios varían según la cantidad de líneas que usted tenga, el volumen de datos de alta velocidad asignados mensualmente, beneficios adicionales como servicios de streaming incluidos en el plan u otros factores, como complementos para relojes inteligentes, datos para compartir internet (hotspot), calidad de transmisión de video y llamadas o mensajes internacionales. Encontrar el plan adecuado para usted consiste en encontrar un operador que incluya un plan con las funciones que utiliza más.
…Y por supuesto, el teléfono
Tanto los principales operadores de telefonía como los OMV ofrecen incentivos si actualiza su teléfono o si compra un teléfono nuevo. Típicamente, esto se traduce en un descuento a su factura a lo largo de varios meses, lo cual le compromete a utilizar ese operador por un periodo de tiempo extendido. Aprovechar este tipo de descuentos es una gran manera de ahorrar dinero en la compra de un teléfono nuevo. Los operadores también suelen ofrecer a clientes nuevos o actuales promociones para entregar su teléfono usado como parte de pago cuando actualizan su dispositivo actual por uno nuevo.
Le recordamos que puede transferir su número de teléfono a cualquier operador en cualquier momento. Pero también recuerde que se recomienda proteger su número con autenticación de dos factores u otras medidas para mantener el control sobre él. Es todo por este mes. No olvide volver el siguiente mes cuando revisemos los 10 productos de tecnología más populares del 2025.
SU TURNO
¿Cuándo fue la última vez que leyó su factura de teléfono? ¿Alguna vez ha pensado en cambiar a un operador de telefonía distinto? ¿Por qué no lo ha hecho? ¡Nos encantaría saber de usted!
Jeff Rose es director de Iniciativas Especiales en Older Adults Technology Services (OATS), una organización de AARP. Durante más de 15 años, ha estado a la vanguardia de la intersección entre el envejecimiento y la tecnología en diversos ámbitos, incluyendo comunidades de jubilados, organizaciones comunitarias y una empresa emergente de tecnología para personas mayores. Residente en Chicago, Jeff participa activamente en varias organizaciones locales dedicadas al envejecimiento y a la comunidad, y disfruta compartiendo sus conocimientos sobre cómo la tecnología puede impactar y beneficiar a los adultos mayores.
El contenido del sitio web de Senior Planet tiene fines estrictamente informativos y no constituye un aval ni una garantía en materia de privacidad, seguridad, permisos o cambios en los términos del servicio. Le recomendamos que revise detenidamente la política de privacidad, los términos de uso, la recopilación de datos y otros permisos de cada aplicación o dispositivo antes de descargarlos o utilizarlos.

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