Entre los recortes de personal de la nueva administración y las inquietudes acerca de la reducción de beneficios, hay mucho que reflexionar a medida que se acerca el aniversario 60 de Medicare.
Medicare ofrece seguro médico a las personas mayores de 65 años. Casi 68 millones de estadounidenses son adultos mayores y con discapacidad inscritos en Medicare, o casi 20 % de la población estadounidense.
Al inscribirse, sus dos opciones son Original Medicare y Medicare Advantage. Medicare Advantage es una alternativa ofrecida por compañías privadas de atención médica aprobada por Medicare.
Nivel de servicio
“Estamos un poco inseguros en el área de servicios,” dice Steve Parrish, profesor de práctica e investigador residente en el American College Cary M. Maguire Center for Ethics in Financial Services. “Por ejemplo, sabemos que el Seguro Social perdió a muchos empleados en los últimos meses; se ha documentado que el nivel de servicio ha disminuido.” “Hasta ahora, no he escuchado de manera anecdótica que eso haya ocurrido con (Medicare).” Pero no hay duda de que ese es el temor de muchos de nosotros.
“Es positivo que Medicare continúe efectuando los pagos, pero ¿se garantizará el servicio necesario para gestionar adecuadamente las reclamaciones y demás aspectos relacionados? De nuevo, no he escuchado nada tangible al respecto, mientras que con el Seguro Social (al comparar) definitivamente estamos escuchando eso. Que han cerrado seis oficinas y ese tipo de cosas.”
“Medicare puede ser complicado. Y tengo varios clientes distintos, que van desde obreros que no tienen ni idea de cómo funciona eso,” dice la consultora en salud Lisa Humes, “hasta personas con un alto nivel educativo que aun así no entienden las reglas de Medicare.” Así que si no es su actividad habitual o de alguna manera está relacionado con Medicare, puede resultar confuso, y es bueno contar con la orientación de un profesional de confianza que pueda guiarlo hacia los productos adecuados y el momento oportuno de inscribirse.”
Vacunas
“Por lo que si, de repente, las vacunas no cuentan con el mismo nivel de aprobación con la administración actual que el que tenían antes, ¿significa que pronto Medicare nos dirá que no puede cubrir las vacunas preventivas (cosa que han estado haciendo desde hace mucho tiempo)?” pregunta Parrish. “Eso realmente no ha pasado todavía, pero sin duda está por venir.”
Medicare Advantage
El 54 % de los beneficiarios de Medicare han elegido planes Medicare Advantage. Esos planes son populares porque por lo general son de bajo costo y ofrecen una cobertura integral. También incluyen beneficios de salud visual y dental, que no se incluyen en la cubertura de Original Medicare.
Sin embargo, las quejas han ido incrementado con respecto a Medicare Advantage, las modalidades de Medicare administradas por entidades privadas. “Estamos recibiendo muchos reportes de quejas de consumidores porque la gente tiene que buscar segundas o terceras opiniones, y lo que de otro modo se consideraría un servicio cubierto no está siendo cubierto por algunos de estos planes de Medicare Advantage,” dice Parrish.
Mientras tanto, el secretario de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Robert Kennedy Jr., es un gran defensor de estos planes y afirma que él mismo está cubierto por uno.
Pero Parrish dice que el gran debate se acerca. “Hay quienes sostienen que Medicare Advantage es beneficioso, en gran medida debido a su carácter parcialmente privatizado. Sin embargo, ambos partidos han expresado críticas, ya que representa un gasto elevado para el gobierno y continúa aumentando el número de quejas de los usuarios, quienes deben someterse a múltiples evaluaciones médicas y aun así no reciben la cobertura correspondiente.”
“Así que claramente es un debate que se está gestando, y no estoy tan seguro de que sea algo de republicanos contra demócratas, sino más bien entre quienes se preocupan por los problemas de los consumidores y quienes dicen que esta es una buena manera de sacar al gobierno de en medio.”
¿Insolvencia?
Según el informe anual de los fideicomisarios, el fondo que sustenta a Medicare enfrentará la insolvencia en 2033 si no se adoptan medidas para reforzar su estabilidad financiera.
“Como en años pasados, hemos encontrado que tanto los programas de Seguro Social como los de Medicare, continúan enfrentándose a significativos problemas financieros,” señaló el Departamento de Tesoro en un resumen de los reportes.
“La gente como yo tiene Medicare. Y habrá más gente como yo a medida que la generación del baby boom alcance esta etapa. Además, como es sabido, tanto en Estados Unidos como a nivel global la tasa de natalidad ha disminuido notablemente,” señala Parrish. “Así que la fuerza laboral se reduce mientras aumenta el número de adultos mayores, quienes, además, cuentan con una esperanza de vida más prolongada. Por lo que no es una sorpresa que Medicare sufra debido a los cambios demográficos.
Rodney A. Brooks es un periodista y autor galardonado. Ex editor adjunto en jefe de finanzas de USA TODAY, sus columnas de jubilación aparecen en US News & World Report y Senior Planet.com. También ha escrito para National Geographic, The Washington Post y USA TODAY y ha testificado ante el Comité Especial sobre el Envejecimiento del Senado de Estados Unidos. Su libro, “The Rise & Fall of the Freedman’s Bank, And Its Lasting Socio-economic Impact on Black America” (“El ascenso y la caída del Freedman’s Bank y su impacto socioeconómico duradero en los negros estadounidenses”), se publicó en 2024. También es autor del libro “Fixing the Racial Wealth Gap” (“Arreglar la brecha de riqueza racial”). Su sitio web es www.rodneyabrooks.com
El uso de cualquier asesoramiento financiero queda bajo su exclusivo criterio y riesgo. Seniorplanet.org y Older Adult Technology Services de AARP no afirman ni prometen ningún resultado o éxito.

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